The word cartoon has various meanings, based on several very different forms of visual art and illustration. The artists who draw cartoons are known as cartoonists.

The term has evolved over time. The original meaning was in fine art of the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, where it referred to a preparatory drawing for a piece of art, such as a painting or tapestry. In the 19th century, it came to refer to humorous illustrations in magazines and newspapers, and in the early 20th century it was sometimes used to refer to comic strips. In modern usage, it commonly refers to single-panel drawings (also known as gag cartoons) and animation for film and television.

Fine art

A cartoon (from the Italian "cartone" and Dutch word "karton", meaning strong, heavy paper or pasteboard) is a full-size drawing made on sturdy paper as a study or ''modello'' for a painting, stained glass or tapestry. Cartoons were typically used in the production of frescoes, to accurately link the component parts of the composition when painted on damp plaster over a series of days (''giornate''). Such cartoons often have pinpricks along the outlines of the design; a bag of soot was then patted or "pounced" over the cartoon, held against the wall to leave black dots on the plaster ("pouncing"). Cartoons by painters, such as the Raphael Cartoons in London and examples by Leonardo da Vinci, are highly prized in their own right. Tapestry cartoons, usually coloured, were followed by eye by the weavers on the loom.

==Print media==

In modern print media, a cartoon is a piece of art, usually humorous in intent. This usage dates from 1843 when ''Punch'' magazine applied the term to satirical drawings in its pages, particularly sketches by John Leech. The first of these parodied the preparatory cartoons for grand historical frescoes in the then-new Palace of Westminster. The original title for these drawings was ''Mr Punch's face is the letter Q'' and the new title "cartoon" was intended to be ironic, a reference to the self-aggrandizing posturing of Westminster politicians.

Modern single-panel gag cartoons, found in magazines, generally consist of a single drawing with a typeset caption positioned beneath or (much less often) a speech balloon. Newspaper syndicates have also distributed single-panel gag cartoons by Mel Calman, Bill Holman, Gary Larson, George Lichty, Fred Neher and others. Many consider ''New Yorker'' cartoonist Peter Arno the father of the modern gag cartoon (as did Arno himself). The roster of magazine gag cartoonists includes Charles Addams, Charles Barsotti and Chon Day.

Bill Hoest, Jerry Marcus and Virgil Partch began as a magazine gag cartoonists and moved on to do syndicated comic strips. Noteworthy in the area of newspaper cartoon illustration is Richard Thompson, who illustrated numerous feature articles in ''The Washington Post'' before creating his ''Cul de Sac'' comic strip.

Editorial cartoons are found almost exclusively in news publications and news websites. Although they also employ humor, they are more serious in tone, commonly using irony or satire. The art usually acts as a visual metaphor to illustrate a point of view on current social and/or political topics. Editorial cartoons often include speech balloons and, sometimes, multiple panels. Editorial cartoonists of note include Herblock, David Low, Jeff MacNelly, Mike Peters and Gerald Scarfe.

Comic strips, also known as "cartoon strips" in the United Kingdom, are found daily in newspapers worldwide, and are usually a short series of cartoon illustrations in sequence. In the United States they are not as commonly called "cartoons" themselves, but rather "comics" or "funnies". Nonetheless, the creators of comic strips—as well as comic books and graphic novels—are usually referred to as "cartoonists". Although humor is the most prevalent subject matter, adventure and drama are also represented in this medium. Noteworthy cartoonists of humor strips include Scott Adams, Steve Bell, Charles Schulz, E. C. Segar, Mort Walker and Bill Watterson.

Books

Books with cartoons are usually reprints of newspaper cartoons. On some occasions, new gag cartoons have been created for book publication, as was the case with ''Think Small'', a 1967 promotional book distributed as a giveaway by Volkswagen dealers. Bill Hoest and other cartoonists of that decade drew cartoons showing Volkswagens, and these were published along with humorous automotive essays by such humorists as H. Allen Smith, Roger Price and Jean Shepherd. The book's design juxtaposed each cartoon alongside a photograph of the cartoon's creator.

Animation

Because of the stylistic similarities between comic strips and early animated movies, "cartoon" came to refer to animation, and the word "cartoon" is currently used to refer to both animated cartoons and gag cartoons. While "animation" designates any style of illustrated images seen in rapid succession to give the impression of movement, the word "cartoon" is most often used in reference to TV programs and short films for children featuring anthropomorphized animals, superheroes, the adventures of child protagonists and related genres.

At the end of the 1980s, the word "cartoon" was shortened, and the word "toon" came into usage with the live action/animated feature ''Who Framed Roger Rabbit'' (1988), followed two years later by the TV series ''Tiny Toon Adventures'' (1990).

See also

Caricature

Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum

Comics Studies

Editorial cartoon

List of comic strips

List of cartoonists

List of editorial cartoonists

References

Further reading

Robinson, Jerry, ''The Comics: An Illustrated History of Comic Strip Art'' (1974) G.P. Putnam's Sons

Horn, Maurice, ''The World Encyclopedia of Comics'' (1976) Chelsea House, (1982) Avon

Blackbeard, Bill, ed. ''The Smithsonian Collection of Newspaper Comics'' (1977) Smithsonian Inst. Press/Harry Abrams

External links

Dan Becker, History of Cartoons

Marchand collection cartoons & photos

Stamp Act 1765 with British & American cartoons

Slavery

Lilly Library collection pre 1865

''Harper's Weekly'' 150 cartoons on elections 1860-1912; Reconstruction topics; Chinese exclusion; plus American Political Prints from the Library of Congress, 1766–1876

* Elections 1860-1912 as covered by ''Harper's Weekly''; news, editorials, cartoons (many by Thomas Nast)

* Thomas Nast cartoons strongly pro-GOP, pro-Reconstruction, anti-South, anti-Irish, & anti-Catholic

* more Nast cartoons

* still more Nast

"Graphic Witness" political caricatures in history

Gilded Age & Progressive Era Cartoons, industry, labor, politics, prohibition from Ohio State University

political cartoons

Hawaii editorial cartoons

Keppler cartoons

1892 political cartoons

Opper cartoons for 1900 election ridiculing TR and McKinley as pawns of Trusts and Sen. Hanna

WWI cartoons

Ding Darling editorial cartoons 1910-1950

New Deal Cartoons systematic collection of original editorial cartoons from many newspapers; research resource on New Deal by year and topic 1933-45

Lindbergh & America First with cartoons & graphics & audio speeches

Dr Seuss cartoons from WW2

Harry Truman caricatured

Oliphant's 1970s; political

Herblock 1920-s 2000s; editorial cartoons from liberal perspective

current editorial cartoons

Index of cartoonists in the Fred Waring Collection

International Society for Humor Studies

Category:Art genres Category:Cartooning Category:Film and video terminology Category:Film genres

ca:Cartoon de:Cartoon et:Animafilm fa:کارتون (نقاشی) fr:Cartoon ko:카툰 (만화) hi:कार्टून io:Kartuno lo:ໝັງກາຕູນ mk:Цртан филм mr:व्यंगचित्र ms:Kartun nl:Cartoon ja:カートゥーン pt:Cartoon simple:Cartoon sr:Цртани филм sv:Skämtteckning tl:Guhit-larawan te:కార్టూన్ th:การ์ตูน zh:卡通

show name	Atom Ant
show name 2	The Atom Ant Show
genre	Animation
writer	Tony BenedictWarren Foster
director	Joseph BarberaWilliam Hanna
voices	Don MessickHoward MorrisJanet WaldoHenry Corden
composer	Ted Nichols
country	USA
language	English
num seasons	2
num episodes	26
producer	Joseph BarberaWilliam Hanna
runtime	30 minutes
company	Hanna-Barbera Productions
channel	NBC
first aired	2 October 1965
last aired	31 August 1968
status	Ended
production website	}}

Atom Ant is a cartoon ant and superhero, created by Hanna-Barbera in 1965. Atom costarred in ''The Atom Ant/Secret Squirrel Show'' (sharing top billing with Secret Squirrel). In syndication, Atom Ant aired alongside Precious Pupp and The Hillbilly Bears.

Biography

Atom Ant (voiced by the late Howard Morris then by Don Messick in later episodes) operated out of an anthill in the countryside, where he possessed such things as a mainframe computer and exercise equipment. His powers mostly consisted of the ability to fly, superspeed, incredible strength, and invulnerability. His catchphrase was "Up and at 'em, Atom Ant!"

He was often contacted by the police, who sent him out on an assignment. Some of these missions parodied those of Batman. The police force was constantly shown to be underfunded and inept, as they relied on Atom Ant to do all their police work. The only two police officers were the chief and deputy chief. The department only possessed one rusted patrol car. Atom Ant fights various villains including recurring ones like Ferocious Flea (voiced by Don Messick) and mad scientist Professor Von Gimmick.

In August 2011, it was announced that Warner Bros. will film a live-action/animated film, similar to Fox and Bagdasarian's ''Alvin and the Chipmunks''.

Episode listing

№

Title

Original airdate

Other appearances

Atom Ant later appeared in ''Yogi's Ark Lark'' and its spin-off series ''Yogi's Gang'' voiced by Don Messick.

In the early 1990s series, ''Yo Yogi!'' with Don Messick reprising Atom Ant. In the episode "Super Duper Snag," it was revealed that his Atomic Helmet is his source of power.

Hi-Tech Software released a budget labeled computer game for the Commodore 64 in 1990 called ''Atom Ant: Up and Atom''. The idea of the game is to fly and collect a certain amount of bombs scattered around high rise buildings and 'atomize' them in a special bubble-like device at the top of each area (a game design influenced by Tehkan's ''Bomb Jack'').

Cartoon Network produced a short cartoon in their "Groovies" series featuring Atom Ant which contained bits of audio tracks from the Atom Ant cartoon, as well as audio from the classic Cold War civil defense film, ''Duck and Cover''. The short can still sometimes be seen on Boomerang.

Featured in the ''Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law'' episode "Incredible Hippo", where he appears as the defendant accused of radioactive contamination by the EPA.

External links

Toonpedia: Atom Ant

The Cartoon Scrapbook – Informational profile on ''Atom Ant''.

Atom Ant episode guide at the Big Cartoon DataBase

Category:Hanna-Barbera and Cartoon Network Studios series and characters Category:Fictional ants Category:Hanna-Barbera and Cartoon Network Studios superheroes Category:NBC network shows Category:1960s American animated television series Category:1965 television series debuts Category:1968 television series endings Category:Animal superheroes Category:Fictional anthropomorphic characters Category:Television series by Warner Bros. Television

ca:Formiga Atòmica es:La Hormiga Atómica fr:Atomas, la fourmi atomique gl:A formiga atómica it:Atom Ant hu:Atom Anti pl:Atomrówek pt:Atom Ant sv:Atommyran tr:Atom Karınca (çizgi film)

Name	Harland "Colonel" Sanders
Birth date	September 09, 1890
Birth place	Henryville, Indiana, U.S.
Death date	December 16, 1980
Death place	Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.
Nationality	American
Occupation	Entrepreneur
Religion	Disciples of Christ
Spouse	Josephine King (divorced) Claudia Price
Parents	Wilbur David Sanders Margaret Ann Sanders ''(née Dunlevy)''
Children	Harland David Sanders, Jr.Margaret SandersMildred Sanders Ruggles
Signature	Harland Sanders Signature.svg }}

Harland David "Colonel" Sanders (September 9, 1890 – December 16, 1980) was an American fast food businessman who founded the Kentucky Fried Chicken company, now re-branded as KFC. His image remains iconic in KFC promotions, and a foundation he established in his later years aids charities and funds scholarships with over a million dollars in grants a year.

Early life and career

Sanders was born to a Presbyterian family in Henryville, Indiana. His father, Wilbur David Sanders, died when Harland was six years old, and, since his mother worked, he was required to cook for his family. He dropped out of school in seventh grade. When his mother remarried, he ran away from home because his stepfather beat him. Sanders falsified his date of birth and enlisted in the United States Army at the age of sixteen, completing his entire service commitment in Cuba. During his early years, Sanders held many jobs, including: steamboat pilot, insurance salesman, railroad fireman and farmer. He had a son, Harland, Jr., who died at an early age, and two daughters, Margaret Sanders and Mildred Sanders Ruggles.

At the age of 40, Sanders cooked chicken dishes and other meals for people who stopped at his service station in Corbin, Kentucky. Since he did not have a restaurant, he served customers in his adjacent living quarters. His local popularity grew, and Sanders moved to a motel and 142 seat restaurant, later Harland Sanders Café and Museum. Over the next nine years he developed his "secret recipe" for frying chicken in a pressure fryer that cooked the chicken much faster than pan frying.

Sanders was given the honorary title "Kentucky Colonel" in 1935 by Governor Ruby Laffoon. He was "re-commissioned" in 1950 by Governor Lawrence Wetherby.

It wasn't until 1950 that Sanders began developing his distinctive appearance, growing his trademark mustache and goatee and donning a white suit and string tie. He never wore anything else in public during the last 20 years of his life, using a heavy wool suit in the winter and a light cotton suit in the summer.

At age 65, Sanders' store having failed due to the new Interstate 75 reducing his restaurant's customer traffic, he took $105 from his first Social Security check and began visiting potential franchisees.

Dave Thomas, later founder of Wendy's Old Fashioned Burgers, was offered a chance to turn around a failing Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant. He helped save the restaurant, and revolutionized the fast food industry by simplifying its menu from nearly one hundred items to just basic fried chicken and salads.

Sanders sold the Kentucky Fried Chicken corporation in 1964 for $2 million to a partnership of Kentucky businessmen headed by John Y. Brown, Jr. The deal did not include the Canadian operations. In 1965 Sanders moved to Mississauga, Ontario to oversee his Canadian franchises and continued to collect franchise and appearance fees there and appearance fees in the U.S. (He was locally active. For example, his 80th birthday was held at the Inn on the Park in North York, Ontario, hosted by Jerry Lewis as a Canadian Muscular Dystrophy Association fundraiser.) In 1973, he sued Heublein Inc. — then parent company of Kentucky Fried Chicken — over alleged misuse of his image in promoting products he had not helped develop. In 1975, Heublein Inc. unsuccessfully sued Sanders for libel after he publicly referred to their gravy as "sludge" with a "wallpaper taste".

Death and legacy

Sanders later used his stockholdings to create the Colonel Harland Sanders Trust and Colonel Harland Sanders Charitable Organization, which used the proceeds to aid charities and fund scholarships. His trusts continue to donate money to groups like the Trillium Health Care Centre; a wing of their building specializes in women's and children's care and has been named after him. The Sidney, British Columbia based foundation granted over $1,000,000 in 2007, according to its 2007 tax return.

Sanders died in Louisville, Kentucky, of pneumonia on December 16, 1980. He had been diagnosed with acute leukemia the previous June. His body lay in state in the rotunda of the Kentucky State Capitol; after a funeral service at the Southern Baptist Seminary Chapel attended by more than 1,000 people. He was buried in his characteristic white suit and black western string tie in Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville.

Since his death, Sanders has been portrayed by voice actors in Kentucky Fried Chicken commercials in radio and an animated version of him has been used for television commercials.

A 1982 episode of ''Little House on the Prairie'' ("Wave of the Future") paid tribute to KFC by featuring a character implied to be Col. Sanders (portrayed by John Roberts) offering Mrs. Oleson a fried chicken franchise. For legal reasons, this character was listed in the credits as "Bearded Man".

Sanders was inducted into the Junior Achievement U.S. Business Hall of Fame in 2000.

The Japanese Nippon Professional Baseball league has developed an urban legend of the "Curse of the Colonel". A statue of Colonel Sanders was thrown into the river and lost during a 1985 fan celebration, and (according to the legend) the "curse" has caused Japan's Hanshin Tigers to perform poorly since the incident.

References

;Notes

;Further reading

Pearce, John, ''The Colonel'' (1982) ISBN 0-385-18122-1

External links

Kentucky Fried Chicken

CBC Archives CBC Radio talks with Colonel Sanders about Canadian food and cooking (from 1957).

Harland Sanders Café and Museum, Corbin, KY

FBI file on "Colonel" Sanders

Category:1890 births Category:1980 deaths Category:American businesspeople Category:American food industry businesspeople Category:American Presbyterians [Category:Fast-food chain founders]] Category:Fast food advertising characters Category:Businesspeople from Kentucky Category:Kentucky colonels Category:Kentucky culture Category:American Disciples of Christ Category:People from Clark County, Indiana Category:People from Corbin, Kentucky Category:People from Louisville, Kentucky Category:United States Army soldiers Category:Deaths from leukemia Category:Burials at Cave Hill Cemetery Category:Cancer deaths in Kentucky Category:KFC

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